Determining the emergency pressure relief orifice diameter is crucial for the safe operation of hydrogenation unit. The method to calculate the gas phase volume of main equipment in recycle hydrogen system and the method to verify the emergency pressure relief orifice diameter are introduced, and the actual operation result fall within the engineering tolerances. It provides guidance for the determination of orifice diameter for new and revamped hydrogenation units.

Compared with the construction of early LNG terminals, in recent years, the construction and expansion of LNG terminals has been more and more restricted by the surrounding facilities and neighboring enterprises, resulting in the continuous occurrence of limited general layout design of the plant. Some terminals have undergone major plane changes during the design, which has brought adverse effects on various disciplines and even the overall progress of the project. Through the analysis of the hazard sources and main production units of LNG terminal, this paper identifies the main external factors affecting the LNG terminal and the corresponding fire separation distance, and puts forward several key points and precautions for the design in combination with the experience in the general layout design of a LNG terminal.

This paper discusses and analyzes the key points which may be easily ignored in the selection and calculation of low-voltage power cable, points out the relation between DC resistance and AC resistance in the calculation of conductor impedance, and emphasizes that the cable cross-section shall be verified by electrical protection. Taking the widely used XLPE insulated cable as an example, this paper specifies the maximum conductor temperatures and the recommended actual working temperature. This paper also introduces a calculation method for the assumed temperature in case of short circuit of conductor, and gives the trends of the calculated assumed temperature of conductor and the relevant resistances in case of short circuit of low-voltage power cables.

In this paper, in view of the large planar concavity of a high-rise commercial apartment building, Midas Gen software is used to carry out dynamic analysis under frequent/rare earthquakes for three plane treatment schemes, i.e., weak coupling beam, strong coupling beam and anti-seismic slab. The calculation results show that, since only small earthquake elastic conditions are considered in the general seismic design, when the concavity is small and meets the limit requirements of the code, adding tie beam at the groove can remarkably improve the seismic performance; when the planar concave degree is large, adding tie beam is not very ideal; the effect of adding anti-seismic slab is obviously better than that of only adding tie beam; neither tie beam nor anti-seismic slab can greatly reduce the torsional displacement ratio and effectively solve the inherent torsional irregularity of concave irregular structures. For such planar concave irregular structures, while the plane is strengthened, the structure should have sufficient torsional stiffness to avoid excessive torsional effect.

In this paper, the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method is used to realize the full-scale simulation and analysis of flue gas flow and combustion heat transfer process in the hydrogenation reaction feed fired heater of a certain unit, and reveals the characteristics of flue gas flow and combustion heat transfer process in the hydrogenation reaction feed fired heater. The effects of the opening angles at the top of the two fuel gas secondary lances on the flue gas flow, flame shape, furnace temperature field, and furnace tube surface thermal intensity and thermal efficiency in the fired heater are analyzed and compared. The simulation results show that, compared with the 10° structure, the 5.5° structure has higher flame height, the high temperature area of the furnace wall moves upward, the heat absorption of the furnace tube at the same position is greater, and the overall thermal efficiency of the radiant furnace tube is increased by about 2%.

After introducing the importance of inlet and outlet insulation for radiant coils in ethylene cracking furnaces, this article starts from the factors that must be considered during the insulation design for inlet and outlet of radiant coils, introduces a variety of methods for inlet and outlet insulation from the aspects of material selection, structural design, detail design and construction precautions, summarizes the scope of application, advantages and disadvantages of each type of inlet and outlet insulation, and presents the development trend of inlet and outlet insulation technologies for radiant coils.

In this paper, the thermal insulation principle, physical property index and application characteristics of different spraying materials are analyzed. It is proposed that the composite reflective thermal insulation system should be designed and calculated using the thermal insulation temperature difference index, and the comprehensive thermal insulation performance of the materials should be evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), providing a way of thinking for the application of spraying materials in the thermal insulation design of petrochemical plants.

A FCC unit had been operated for a long time without supporting flue gas treatment facilities. The emission concentrations of SO2 and particles from FCC flue gas far exceeded the requirements of specification, resulting in the shutdown of the FCC unit. In order to resume the operation of the unit, new tower internals with ultra-low emission were adopted to ensure that the flue gas is discharged up to the standard. When the pressure drop load of tower internals met the production requirements, the flue gas emission index was far lower than the local environmental protection requirements, and there was no drifting rain or falling rain on the chimney. Good application effect has been achieved.

This paper uses safety analysis methods to solve the problems encountered in the general layout plan of a LNG project. After adopting the consequence based analysis method, this paper compares the thermal radiation calculation results of each process equipment when jet fire occurs under the same leakage aperture and meteorological conditions, determines the equipment with the largest thermal radiation impact range, identifies the maximum credible accident scenario on the basis of hazard identification, carries out accident consequence calculation and proposes optimization suggestions for the existing design.

This paper establishes a hydrothermal calculation model for flare pipe network. The pressure and temperature changes at different monitoring points in case of plant-wide accident are analyzed. Different calculation methods for manifold size are studied and analyzed, and the calculation methods suitable for engineering applications are recommended. The thermal characteristics of flare gas along pipeline at different environmental temperatures and wind speeds in single accident conditions are studied. The environment factors that should be concerned in engineering are emphasized.

Starting from the requirements of intelligent plant construction, this paper discusses the objectives, significance and content of digital delivery standards for petrochemical engineering by analyzing the difficulties of intelligent plant construction and the situation of digital factory construction in enterprises, and explores the implementation process and effect of digital delivery standards in engineering projects. The release and implementation of digital delivery standards provides unified compliance for all engineering participants, standardizes the delivery content and process, ensures the quality of delivery, reduces the costs of project communication, data exchange, information collection and integration, shortens the construction cycle of digital plant, and improves the efficiency of asset management.

The proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the determination of implementation path further promote the bridge function of natural gas in energy transformation. In the future, the natural gas market will continue to grow steadily. Magnetic flux leakage testing is the main technology for the defect detection of long-distance natural gas pipeline using ferromagnetic materials. Based on the background of long-distance natural gas pipeline, this paper introduces the principle of magnetic flux leakage testing technology for pipelines, analyzes the factors that affect the pipeline detection results, and discusses the future development trend of magnetic flux leakage testing technology for the defect detection of long-distance natural gas pipelines in combination with the research status of magnetic flux leakage testing technology for pipelines at home and abroad.

Digital engineering is an effective way of digital transformation for petrochemical engineering enterprises. Based on the definition of digital engineering, this paper elaborates on the characteristics and elements of digital engineering in petrochemical engineering enterprises, proposes a reference diagram for the overall architecture of digital engineering, and describes the application of digital engineering in digital design, project integrated management, engineering big data centers, digital delivery, and intelligent plant. Senior experts predict that digital engineering will empower the whole process of production and operation of petrochemical enterprises, and help them improve quality and efficiency as well as promote the sustainable development of the industry.

By summarizing the articles related to P&ID and intelligent P&ID in the Standard of Digital Delivery for Oil Refining and Petrochemical Project, the digital delivery and its application in petrochemical plants in recent years are reviewed, and the role of intelligent P&ID after digital delivery is discussed. It is found that the application of intelligent P&ID after digital delivery is at its early stage. Therefore, using AutoCAD P&ID to realize lightweight and intelligent P&ID has advantages of low input and high output and can boost the digitalization process of existing plants at a lower cost. By converting dwg drawings with required data generated by AutoCAD P&ID to the format that can be loaded from a web browser, the digital application under the idea of lightweight client is fulfilled. Finally, the applications of intelligent P&ID in digital delivery practice are introduced, including intelligent blind flange management and corrosion management.

One-stage design contains basic design and detailed design, and the project review point can be cancelled, so usually it can accelerate the construction of project. In this paper, the characteristics and key points of one-stage design mode are discussed by taking a project as an example, and some suggestions are put forward for the engineering design management of large and medium-sized petrochemical projects.