The original site of a large storage tank project was formed by hydraulic filling. The shallow hydraulic fill sand was severely liquefied, and the lower layer was a soft soil layer of underconsolidated muddy clay. The entire site needed to be pretreated to reduce or eliminate liquefaction and underconsolidated soil. According to the characteristics of the soil layer, the foundation of the project site was treated using drainage consolidation method. Drainage boards were inserted into the site first. Taking into account the factors of construction period and cost, different areas were treated with dynamic compaction, preloading, and vibration sand compaction pile schemes, respectively. The pre-treatment of the site effectively reduced the adverse effects of liquefaction and underconsolidated soil. Based on the pre-treatment effect of the site and the detailed survey, this project can adopt the scheme of drilled cast-in-place pile or prefabricated pile. The pile type was optimized based on the test pile situation, and the use of pipe pile greatly saved the investment and the construction period.

Finite Element Analysis of Axial Compression Performance of High Strength Concrete-filled Steel Tube Composite Columns

 To solve the problems in the design of shear keys for steel column base plates, with the reference to the recent AISC and SCI design manuals, this paper introduces the loading conditions of shear keys, illustrates the method for calculating the load capacity of shear keys by examples, and gives some recommendations for the design and installation based on engineering experiences. Shear key should be designed as cantilever member considering both the bending moment and the shear force. The load capacity of shear key is related to various factors such as section shape and size, installation position, embedded depth, grouting thickness and concrete grade, and is determined by the most unfavorable scenario of several potential failure modes.

The technical requirements of grounding systems for petrochemical substations are analyzed, and the design methods of equal and unequal spacing arrangement of grounding network are analyzed through case studies, which are verified by calculations and simulation of EDSA software model. It is concluded that, compared with the equal spacing arrangement of traditional grounding network, the unequal spacing arrangement of grounding network results in a more uniform distribution of contact voltage, higher utilization rate of grounding conductor, higher investment savings, and more optimized grounding design for substations.

During the production of bisphenol A, the crystals of bisphenol A and phenol may adhere to equipment and pipelines, causing blockage and affecting product quality and the continuous and stable operation of unit. This article analyzes the situation of high outlet pressure of adduction crystallizer encountered in daily operation, calculates the settlement of bisphenol A-phenol crystals in pipelines, and optimizes the daily operation based on the calculation results to ensure the continuous, long-term and stable operation of the unit.

The hydrogenation degree of synthetic rubber has a very important impact on the performance of products. A variety of off-line detection methods for hydrogenation degree of synthetic rubbers are discussed, such as physical detection method, chemical additive process and instrumental analysis method. Taking into account the application status, measurement error and limitations of instrumental analysis, the applicability of Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for detecting the hydrogenation degree of SBS, SBR, NBR, SIS and other synthetic rubbers are emphatically discussed. In order to solve such problems as long sample analysis cycle and lag of detection data, the key points of process design for the development of an on-line intelligent hydrogenation detection method based on instrumental analysis technology are discussed from the aspects of sampling method, sample handling and instrument protection.

 In this paper, the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method is used to simulate the gas-solid two-phase flow in four types of prill towers with different structures. The flow field distribution and particle phase volume fraction distribution of the original structure are compared with those of the three amplified structures. The amplified structure with better performance is determined, and the effects of the inlet pitch diameter of bisphenol A and the insertion length of nitrogen outlet pipe on the uniformity of particle distribution are obtained, which provides reference for the engineering scale-up design of prill tower.

To solve the problems occurred in the operation of HVPF-40 vertical plate and frame filter press, such as non-continuous operation, difficult operation and high labor intensity, the system is studied and analyzed. Through local transformation of the equipment by increasing the driving force and adjusting the drive distribution, the automatic and continuous operation of the equipment is realized, the labor intensity is reduced, and the safety, environmental protection and green production of the unit is ensured.

Mechanical seal is composed of at least one pair of end faces perpendicular to the rotation axis, which keep contacting closely with each other and slide relatively under the action of fluid pressure, elastic force (or magnetic force) of compensation mechanism and the cooperation of auxiliary seal to prevent fluid leakage. Mechanical seals are widely used in metallurgical and petrochemical pumps because of their good sealing performance and low bearing wear. The failure analysis of mechanical seals can comprehensively and accurately find out the main failure modes and performance effects of seals before and after operation, study the causes and mechanisms of failures, and analyze and summarize effective measures to control the occurrence of failures or reduce the frequency of failures in combination with the control methods currently adopted in work, so as to eventually prolong the service life of mechanical seals.

Synthetic poly-Alpha-olefin (PAO) base oil is fully synthetic lube base oil. With excellent performance and wide applications, it is separately classified by API as Group IV base oil. Low-viscosity PAO base oil accounts for about 80% of the PAO market. The production of low-viscosity PAO base oil mainly uses BF3 catalyst and proton donor (HA) cocatalyst, and the reaction is triggered by BF3?HA, a complex of BF3 and HA. This paper introduces the mechanisms of this complexation reaction and α-olefin oligomerization reaction, based on which a BF3?HA complex preparation technology is developed. The industrial application shows that the development of this technology is successful, laying foundation for PAO production.

 Dividing-wall column has lower investment and less energy consumption than conventional distillation technology. In this paper, the Platforming depentanizer bottom products of a petrochemical company are used as the feedstock, and the conventional de-C₆ column and de-C₇ column model and the dividing-wall column model are used for simulation calculations, respectively. The study shows that with the same feedstock and separation requirements, the reboiling load of dividing-wall column is reduced by about 30% compared with that of the conventional two columns, with an annual energy-saving economic benefit of 14.41 million yuan. At the same time, the dividing-wall column system has seven less equipment than the conventional two-column system, reducing the equipment purchase cost by 18.6%. In addition to equipment purchase cost, the dividing-wall column has less equipment, and the costs of equipment installation, civil structure and instrumentation are lower than those of the two-column process. More than 3 years of industrial operation experience in a petrochemical company fully verifies that dividing-wall column technology can meet the separation accuracy requirements of two-column process. Dividing-wall column has the advantages of easy control and smooth operation, and its product quality and other indicators are in line with the design requirements.

Aluminum alkyls are widely used in the polyolefin industry. Based on the characteristics of aluminum alkyl chemicals and the practical engineering experience, this article takes triisobutyl-aluminum as an example to summarize the regional division in aluminum alkyl area and the design points of equipment layout, process design and safety system in polyolefin unit, and proposes some key points to be noted in the design of relevant areas. 

In order to maintain the stable state of liquid sulfur, the liquid sulfur storage equipment of sulfur recovery unit needs to be equipped with steam coil type heat tracing system. The coil is arranged at the bottom of sulfur pit or liquid sulfur storage tank. It can be divided into straight pipe type and coil type according to its structure, and there are slight differences in the processing and manufacturing methods and heat exchange area of the two structural types. Sulfur pit belongs to micro negative pressure equipment, and there is a small amount of highly toxic hydrogen sulfide between the liquid sulfur level and the cover plate of sulfur pit. Therefore, the steam coil passing through the cover plate needs to be sealed to avoid toxic gas leakage, and the sealing methods can be divided into secondary concrete pouring, flange cover and direct burial. There are S, SO₂, SO₃ and H₂O in the sulfur pit. According to different operation conditions and gas-liquid phase space, three different corrosion environments are generated, and different materials are selected for the steam inlet pipe, condensate outlet pipe and steam coil in different corrosion environments.

A large number of air coolers are used in a large-scale petrochemical plant. This article briefly introduces the basic situation of this plant and the use of air coolers, discusses the procedures for equipment layout and piping layout design of horizontal air coolers combined with some examples, and explains the main contents of relevant technical exchanges and manufacturing drawing confirmation, including the determination of layout plan for inlet pipeline of air cooler, the determination of pipeline support plan and the precautions for selecting relevant pipeline supports.

Communication management is an important part of project management, running through the early stage, definition stage and execution stage of petrochemical engineering design projects. Due to the complex work interface and long work process, the design management team needs to achieve good communication management to ensure that the communication channels of the project are smooth, the information is transmitted in a timely manner, the problems are solved quickly, and the team collaborates efficiently, so as to achieve the construction goals of the project.