石油化工设计 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 1-7.

• 综述 •    下一篇

加氢反应器筒体开孔结构的蠕变损伤演化与参数影响研究

董汪平   

  1. 中国石化工程建设有限公司,北京,100101
  • 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-25
  • 作者简介:董汪平,男,1994年毕业于北京化工大学化工设备与机械专业,大学本科,高级工程师,主要从事石化装置的压力容器设计和管理工作。联系电话:010-84877565;E-mail:dongwangping.sei@sinopec.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部课题《加氢反应器用材料质量评价体系开发及应用》(323102)

Study on Creep Damage Evolution and Parameter Influences of Opening Structures in Hydrogenation Reactor Shells

Dong Wangping   

  1. SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation, Beijing, 100101
  • Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-05-25

摘要: 加氢反应器大型化发展趋势下,筒体大尺寸开孔需求显著增长。相较于传统封头开孔,筒体开孔会劣化结构受力状态,使其在高温蠕变下易形成失效薄弱区。现以2.25Cr-1Mo-V钢加氢反应器筒体-接管结构为研究对象,采用Omega蠕变本构模型,开展蠕变损伤演化模拟研究,系统分析开孔直径600~1000 mm、操作温度444~474 ℃对蠕变损伤累积的影响规律;从结构设计角度,探究进行接管内圆角半径25~100 mm、接管壁厚290~390 mm对开孔补强效果的调控机制。结果表明,最大Mises 应力区与最大蠕变损伤位置并不重合;峰值应力和分布位置几乎不随时间变化,而蠕变损伤幅值和分布位置均表现出显著时间相关性,这表明在蠕变强度和寿命设计中不能以最大应力替代最大蠕变损伤作为失效判据;开孔直径增大、温度升高均会显著加速蠕变损伤,温度升高10℃,可使结构蠕变寿命降低约50%;接管内圆角半径对长时蠕变损伤的控制效果有限,增加接管壁厚可显著抑制损伤发展。研究明晰了大型加氢反应器筒体开孔结构的蠕变损伤演化规律,验证了蠕变损伤分析的必要性,可为设备开孔补强与安全设计提供理论依据。

关键词: 加氢反应器, 蠕变损伤, Omega本构模型, 有限元模拟

Abstract: The upsizing of hydrogenation reactors has led to a significant increase in the demand for large-diameter openings in reactor shells. Compared with traditional head openings, the shell opening structure is subjected to worse stress conditions and is prone to forming failure-prone zones under high-temperature creep. Taking the 2.25Cr-1Mo-V steel hydrogenation reactor shell-nozzle structure as the research object, this paper adopts the Omega creep constitutive model to carry out simulation research on creep damage evolution. The influence laws of opening diameter (600~1000 mm) and operating temperature (444~474 ℃) on creep damage accumulation are analyzed, and the effects of nozzle inner fillet radius (25~100 mm) and nozzle wall thickness (290~390 mm) on opening reinforcement effect are investigated from the perspective of structural design. The results show that the maximum Mises stress zone does not coincide with the location of maximum creep damage; the maximum stress value and its location hardly change with time, while both the magnitude and location of creep damage have obvious time dependence. This indicates that the maximum stress cannot be used as a substitute for the maximum creep damage as the failure criterion in creep strength and life design. The increase in opening diameter and temperature both significantly accelerate creep damage, and a 10℃ increase in temperature can reduce the structural creep life by about 50%. The nozzle inner fillet radius has a limited control effect on long-term creep damage, while increasing the nozzle wall thickness can significantly inhibit the development of damage. The research results clarify the creep damage evolution law of the shell opening structure of large-scale hydrogenation reactors, confirm the necessity of creep damage analysis, and provide a theoretical basis for the opening reinforcement and safety design of equipment.

Key words: hydrogenation reactor, creep damage, Omega constitutive model, finite element simulation