烷基化废酸,硫酸再生,干法湿法工艺,耦合工艺,联合处理 ," /> 烷基化废酸,硫酸再生,干法湿法工艺,耦合工艺,联合处理 ,"/> alkylation waste acid,sulfuric acid regeneration,dry and wet processes,coupling process,integrated treatment ,"/> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" align="left" style="text-align:left;"> <b>废硫酸裂解再生技术进展:干法、湿法及其耦合工艺</b>

石油化工设计 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 1-8.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8168.2026.03.001

• 综述 •    下一篇

废硫酸裂解再生技术进展:干法、湿法及其耦合工艺

白志山,李世伟   

  1. (华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院, 上海 200237

  • 收稿日期:2026-06-17 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-09-07
  • 作者简介:白志山,男,2009年毕业于华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院,化工过程机械专业,教授,博士生导师,主要从事绿色低碳能源化工方向研究。近5年主持了包括国家重点研发计划项目、国家基金委重点项目、973计划青年等科研课题50余项;以第一或通讯作者发表论文83篇,其中SCI收录65篇,专著一部

Advances in Waste Sulfuric Acid Cracking and Regeneration Technologies: Dry Process, Wet Process and Dry-wet Coupling Process

Bai Zhishan, Li Shiwei   

  1. School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237

  • Received:2026-06-17 Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-09-07

摘要:

硫酸法烷基化装置副产废酸成分复杂、腐蚀性强,其高效再生是减轻环保处置压力、实现硫资源循环利用的关键。目前废酸裂解再生技术主要分为干法、湿法两大主流工艺,并朝着多单元耦合、多类型含硫物料协同处置的方向发展。干法工艺可稳定产出质量分数98%以上的浓硫酸,但存在流程冗长、投资能耗偏高、伴随废水产生等问题;湿法工艺流程紧凑、余热利用充分且无废水排放,却面临细颗粒物脱除效果差、系统堵塞和成品酸浓度波动等问题制约。兼顾高浓度成品酸稳定制备与装置低能耗、低排放运行,已成为废酸再生技术升级的核心矛盾。针对上述问题,文中重点综述干湿法耦合工艺、硫化氢废酸裂解再生联合工艺两类新技术:干湿法耦合工艺通过动力波洗涤、聚结除雾、蒸汽再热和干空气冷凝提浓,实现工艺气净化、水分调控与能量利用协同;硫化氢 - 废酸裂解再生联合工艺依托酸性气供热、两路炉气合并、共用转化吸收系统,实现废酸与硫化氢等含硫物料的协同处置。工程运行结果表明,干湿法耦合工艺总除尘效率可达99.9%,成品硫酸质量分数稳定高于98%,余热回收效率提升20%以上;硫化氢废酸裂解再生联合装置可在宽负荷稳定运行,并通过酸性气供热、共用转化吸收系统,提高废酸处理能力与运行弹性。通过对比各工艺路线的适用场景、技术瓶颈和工程效果,可为废酸再生方案选择、现有装置改造及多种含硫物料协同利用提供理论依据和工程技术参考。

关键词: 烷基化废酸')">

烷基化废酸, 硫酸再生, 干法湿法工艺, 耦合工艺, 联合处理

Abstract:

The by-product waste acid from sulfuric acid alkylation unit has a complex composition and strong corrosiveness, making its efficient regeneration crucial for reducing environmental treatment burdens and enabling sulfur resource recycling. Waste acid cracking and regeneration technologies have developed into two main routes, i.e., dry process and wet process, and are gradually evolving toward multi-unit coupling and integrated treatment of various sulfur-containing materials. The dry process can stably produce concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass fraction above 98%, but suffers from long process flow, high investment and energy consumption, and wastewater generation. In contrast, the wet process features compact process flow, efficient waste heat recovery, and zero wastewater discharge; however, it faces challenges such as insufficient removal of fine particulates, system clogging, and fluctuating product acid concentration. Therefore, balancing the stable production of high-concentration sulfuric acid with the low energy consumption and low emissions of the unit has become the core challenge in upgrading waste acid regeneration technology. To address these issues, this paper focuses on reviewing two new technologies, i.e., dry-wet coupling process and hydrogen sulfide - waste acid cracking and regeneration combined process. The former integrates dynamic wave scrubbing, coalescing demisting, steam reheating, and dry air condensation to achieve synergistic process gas purification, moisture control, and energy utilization. The latter enables coordinated treatment of waste acid and sulfur-containing materials such as hydrogen sulfide through acid gas heating, merging of two furnace gas streams, and sharing conversion-absorption system. Engineering operation results show that the dry-wet coupling process achieves an overall dust removal efficiency of up to 99.9%, produces sulfuric acid with a mass fraction exceeding 98%, and improves waste heat recovery efficiency by over 20%. The hydrogen sulfide - waste acid cracking and regeneration combined unit can be operated stably within a wide load range, and the waste acid treatment capacity and operation flexibility can be improved by adopting acid gas heating and sharing conversion-absorption system. This paper further compares the applicable scenarios, technical bottlenecks, and engineering performance of different technical routes, providing theoretical basis and engineering reference for selecting waste acid regeneration schemes, retrofitting existing units, and promoting the integrated utilization of multiple sulfur-containing materials.

Key words: alkylation waste acid')">

alkylation waste acid, sulfuric acid regeneration, dry and wet processes, coupling process, integrated treatment